EVOLUTIONARY TRANSITION TOWARDS PERMANENT CHLOROPLASTS? - DIVISION OF KLEPTOCHLOROPLASTS IN STARVED CELLS OF TWO SPECIES OF DINOPHYSIS (DINOPHYCEAE).

Species within the marine toxic dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis are phagotrophic organisms that exploit chloroplasts (kleptochloroplasts) from other protists to perform photosynthesis.Dinophysis spp.acquire the kleptochloroplasts from the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum, which in turn acquires the chloroplasts from a unique clade of cryptophytes.Dinophys

OmniHub Parts This paper presents improved versions of bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA).The chemotaxis feature of bacteria through random motion is an effective strategy for exploring the optimum point in a search area.The selection of small step size value in the bacteria motion leads to high accuracy in the solution but it offers slow convergen

We present an explicit water molecular dynamics simulation of dilute solutions of model alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant ions (number of methylene groups in the tail is 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12) OmniHub Parts in mixture with NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI salts, respectively.The copyright/E model is used to describe water molecules.Results of the simulation